Researchers involved in the European SOILGUARD project are warning that soil biodiversity is essential to the functioning of ecosystems, but is increasingly under threat from intensive farming practices, pollution and urbanisation.
The project, funded by the European Commission, brings together 25 organisations from 17 countries, including the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
“The main objective of the project is to promote the sustainable use of soil biodiversity in order to protect the ecosystem functions performed by soil organisms, as well as the benefits they generate for society,” said Alberto Martín, a technician at the Nature Conservation and Food Systems Department of IUCN Med, in comments to Spanish news agency EFE.
According to Martín, 59% of species live in or beneath the soil during some stage of their life cycle, making soil “the most diverse habitat on the planet”.
The study also warned that 62% of soils in the European Union are not in a healthy condition, mainly because of the intensive use of machinery, agrochemicals and urbanisation processes that contribute to erosion and compaction.
Sustainable soil management
SOILGUARD compared conventional and organic farming models, as well as different approaches to forest and pasture management. The findings showed that alternative practices can improve key soil functions, although their impact depends on the climate and characteristics of each area. “Practices work better depending on the local context,” Martín said, stressing the importance of tailoring solutions to each region and drawing on the knowledge of local farmers and land managers.
The role of institutions
Martín said institutions must ensure that environmental protection is not weakened and should commit to policies that support sustainable management models. “There are many examples showing that sustainable soil management is economically viable,” he said, calling for subsidies that harm soil health to be removed and for stronger incentives to encourage more sustainable practices.
The research also highlighted that agricultural soils in hot and dry climates have lower levels of biodiversity, a finding described as particularly concerning. “We need to look down and pay attention to everything beneath our feet in order to avoid the worst consequences of biodiversity loss,” Martín said.
Source: CNA
